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T*
[(had)-338.5(survive)-8.8(d)-335.2(i)0(n)-336.4(a)-330.6(viable)-343.3(but)-337.5(noncul)-7.9(turabl)-8(e)-336.3(state.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
-.0139 Tc
[(Wa)-13.9(d)5.8(s)-13.9(w)12(o)-13.9(r)7(t)-13.9(h)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
4.8094 0 TD
0 Tc
[(et)-280(a)16.2(l)0(.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.3039 0 TD
[(\(2)20.9(0)16.2(1)0(9)-278.7(i)0(n)-278.8(t)0(h)20.7(i)16.1(s)-294.6(i)16.1(ss)21.2(ue)19.7(\))-289(d)16.2(em)18.4(on)26.6(st)20.9(ra)25.5(te)-280(th)20.7(a)15(t)-295(c)15(e)0(l)19.5(l)]TJ
-8.1269 -1.1116 TD
[(ag)19.7(g)16.2(r)0(e)19.7(g)0(a)25.4(t)0(e)19.6(s)-479(of)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
5.9671 0 TD
[(Gl)19.8(oe)25.4(oc)19.7(a)16.2(p)0(s)21(a)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
5.1549 0 TD
[(sp)21(.)13.9(,)-481.5(wh)20(i)16.1(c)0(h)-475.7(c)15(on)20.8(si)26.7(st)-474.4(o)16.2(f)-484.9(g)16.2(r)0(o)20.9(u)0(p)26.6(s)-484.7(of)]TJ
-11.122 -1.1116 TD
[(me)24.2(ta)19.5(bo)26.6(li)20.6(ca)24.3(ll)20.6(y)-375.5(i)16.1(na)19.7(c)15(t)0(i)20.6(v)0(e)-360.5(c)0(e)18.5(l)0(l)26.3(s)-375.3(th)20.7(a)15(t)-375.6(do)-365.1(n)16.2(o)0(t)-365.2(f)0(o)26.6(r)0(m)-366.3(s)0(t)26.7(r)0(u)20.9(c)0(t)25.3(u)0(r)20.9(e)0(d)-360.5(l)0(a)19.6(y)0(-)]TJ
T*
[(er)19.7(e)15(d)-237.2(bi)26.5(o)21(lm)25.2(s,)-223.2(co)19.7(n)16.2(f)0(e)19.7(r)0(r)20.9(e)15(d)-237.2(p)0(r)26.6(o)0(t)20.7(e)0(c)24.3(t)0(i)20.6(o)0(n)-221.1(a)0(g)19.7(a)15(in)20.7(st)-221(sp)21(a)15(c)0(e)-229.2(c)15(on)20.8(di)26.5(ti)20.6(on)26.6(s)-237(i)0(n)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
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0 -1.1116 TD
[(de)19.7(m)15(o)0(n)20.8(s)16.4(tr)20.7(at)25.3(ed)-251(t)16.1(h)0(a)19.7(t)-254.7(th)20.7(e)-255.7(c)0(y)25.4(a)0(n)19.7(o)0(b)26.6(a)0(c)18.5(t)0(e)25.3(r)0(i)20.7(a)0(l)-245.4(c)0(e)24.3(l)0(l)-244.4(a)0(g)19.7(g)0(r)26.6(e)0(g)19.7(a)0(t)25.3(e)0(s)-250.8(p)16.2(ro)20.9(vi)26.5(de)19.7(d)]TJ
T*
[(a)-290.2(m)15(ic)19.5(r)16.2(o)0(h)20.8(a)0(b)25.4(i)0(t)20.6(a)0(t)-274.2(f)0(o)20.9(r)-283.3(a)-284.5(s)0(m)19.8(a)0(l)25.3(l)0(e)19.6(r)-283.3(ba)19.7(c)15(t)0(e)19.6(r)0(i)26.5(a)0(l)-280(c)15(o-)20.9(cu)25.4(lt)20.6(ur)26.6(ed)-279.8(s)16.4(p)0(e)19.7(c)0(i)25.3(e)0(s)-279.6(t)16.1(ha)19.7(t)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(al)19.5(s)16.4(o)-444.6(su)21(r)16.2(v)0(i)20.7(v)0(e)25.4(d)-444.6(in)-428.5(sp)21(ac)24.3(e.)-431.9(Th)19.6(i)16.1(s)-444.4(ob)20.8(se)25.6(rv)20.9(at)25.3(io)20.7(n)-438.8(s)0(h)21(o)0(w)25.7(s)-444.4(th)20.7(a)15(t)-444.7(vi)20.7(a)15(b)0(l)20.7(e)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ce)24.3(ll)20.6(s)-409.8(c)0(a)24.3(n)-410()62.3()0(h)20.9(i)0(t)20.6(c)15(hh)20.8(i)16.1(k)0(e)19.7()62.3()-410(t)0(h)26.5(r)0(o)20.9(u)0(g)26.6(h)-410(sp)21(ac)24.3(e)-411.2(w)0(i)19.8(t)0(h)26.5(i)0(n)-399.7(t)0(h)20.7(e)-405.4(co)19.7(n)26.8(ne)19.7(s)-409.8(o)0(f)]TJ
T*
[(la)19.5(r)16.2(g)0(e)19.7(r)-317.8(pr)20.9(ot)26.5(ec)18.5(ti)26.3(ng)-313.2(c)15(e)0(l)19.5(l)0(s)-307.4(o)0(r)-313.2(c)15(el)19.5(l)-318(a)0(g)19.7(g)0(r)26.6(e)0(g)19.7(a)15(te)19.6(s.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
(Billi)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
2.1944 0 TD
[(et)-400.9(al.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.5631 0 TD
[(\(2019)-402.9(in)-399.7(this)-407.6(issue\))-404.9(show)-402.5(that)-403.2(\(i\))-400.8(the)-407.8(photo-)]TJ
-5.7712 -1.1116 TD
[(synthetic)-329.2(pigments)-322.3(in)-324.9(different)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
12.8326 0 TD
(Chroococcidiopsis)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
7.8332 0 TD
[(spp.)-323.3(des-)]TJ
-20.6658 -1.1116 TD
[(ert)-690(strains)-694.1(that)-691.2(were)-693(exposed)-695.2(to)-687.7(space)-694.2(and)-689.9(Mars-like)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(conditions)-277.3(were)-284(better)-279.9(preserved)-278.1(in)-278.8(cells)-278.6(in)-273(the)-281.1(bottom)-278.8(layer)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-284.4(the)-286.8(samples)-287.5(than)-287.9(in)-284.6(cells)-284.4(in)-284.5(the)-286.8(top)-285.7(layer,)-287.8(\(ii\))-281.1(the)-286.8(DNA)-288.1(in)]TJ
25.504 67.9184 TD
[(biolm)-284.4(cells)-284.4(was)-281.6(less)-281.8(damaged)-283.1(than)-282.2(that)-276.5(in)-284.6(planktonic)-278.7(cells,)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(and)-321.2(\(iii\))-311.1(the)-315.6(survival)-321(measured)-318.6(by)-313.2(cultivation)-320.4(was)-316.2(higher)-313.1(in)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(biolm)-336.2(samples)-339.3(than)-334(in)-330.6(planktonic)-336.3(cells.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Th)19.6(e)15(s)0(e)-245.1()0(n)21(d)0(i)26.5(n)0(g)20.8(s)-254.3(su)21(pp)26.6(or)20.9(t)-254.7(t)0(h)20.7(e)-255.7(hy)26.6(po)20.8(th)26.5(es)19.9(is)-244(th)26.5(at)-245.4(th)20.7(e)-255.7(b)0(i)20.7(o)16.2(l)20.9(m)-255.8(f)0(o)20.9(r)16.2(m)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-491.7(li)20.6(fe)-492.9(su)26.8(pp)20.8(or)26.6(ts)-491.7(th)20.7(e)-503.4(l)0(o)20.7(n)16.2(g-)20.9(te)25.3(rm)-493(su)21(rv)26.6(iv)20.7(a)15(l)-508.1(o)16.2(f)-507.9(m)15(i)0(c)19.6(r)16.2(oo)20.8(rg)26.6(an)19.7(is)26.7(ms)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(un)20.8(de)25.4(r)-456.1(t)0(h)20.7(e)-457.3(h)16.2(a)0(r)19.7(s)0(h)-445.5(e)15(nv)20.8(i)16(r)0(o)20.9(n)0(m)25.4(e)0(n)19.7(t)0(a)25.3(l)-456.2(co)19.7(n)16.2(d)0(i)20.7(t)0(i)26.3(o)0(n)20.8(s)-455.9(in)-440.1(sp)21(ac)24.3(e)-457.3(a)0(n)19.7(d)-450.3(on)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(Ma)18.8(rs)-307.2(to)-313.3(a)-319(h)0(i)20.7(g)16.2(he)19.7(r)-317.8(d)0(e)19.7(g)0(r)26.6(e)0(e)-315.5(t)16.1(ha)19.7(n)-317.9(d)0(o)20.8(e)0(s)-308.4(t)0(h)20.7(e)-319(pl)20.7(an)25.4(kt)20.7(o)16.2(n)0(i)20.7(c)-324.8(l)16(i)0(f)20.7(e)0(s)25.6(t)0(y)20.7(l)0(e)25.3(.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 632.0125 Tm
[(The)-338.2(Photochemistry)-337.7(on)-333.8(the)-334.6(Space)-333(Station)-337.5(\(PSS\))]TJ
0 -1.2266 TD
(Experiment)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 604.5731 Tm
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-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-566.6(organic)-568.8(molecules)-573.4(in)-566.8(astrophysical)-570.7(environments)-569.7(and)]TJ
T*
[(plane)-8(tary)-472.2(atmospheres.)-475(In)-474.5(the)-476.9(Solar)-473.1(System,)-473(UV)-476.2(photons)]TJ
T*
[(emitted)-253.6(by)-249.9(the)-246.5(Sun)-250.8(drive)-248.7(most)-247.5(of)-249.8(the)-246.5(chemical)-251.1(evolution)-253.4(that)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(occurs,)-398(either)-400.8(for)-394.9(the)-396.3(building)-395.1(of)-393.8(new)-397(compounds)-398(with)-391.4(an)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(increase)-393.5(in)-388.2(the)-384.7(molecular)-395(complexity)-389.3(or)-388.1(the)-384.7(destruction)-389(of)]TJ
T*
[(the)-338.7(most)-333.9(elaborated)-338.4(structures.)-339.1(Thus,)-337.1(solar)-334.9(UV)-338(initiates)-335.2(ex-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(ceptionally)-448.1(complex)-443.4(chemistry)-445.5(in)-440.1(Titans)-442.1(atmosphere)-447.6(that)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(turns)-633.2(the)-626.6(lightest)-632.3(gaseous)-631.7(organic)-626.4(compounds,)-631.8(such)-627.4(as)]TJ
T*
[(methane,)-350.1(into)-350.2(heavy)-347.7(and)-344.3(solid)-351.2(organic)-344.2(aerosols.)-348.3(It)-347.9(can)-351.2(also)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(erase)-285.2(the)-281.1(organic)-280.8(traces)-286.5(of)-278.6(past)-282(life)-276.5(at)-280(the)-281.1(surface)-287.4(of)-278.6(planets,)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(such)-494.9(as)-498.5(Mars,)-493.5(and)-494(destroy)-498.4(organic)-493.9(molecules)-498.5(present)-493.7(on)]TJ
T*
[(meteorites.)-249.7(In)-238.3(the)-240.7(interstellar)-247.5(medium,)-244.2(the)-240.7(UV)-245.8(radiation)-243(eld)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(\(in)-562.1(addition)-557.5(to)-561(cosmic)-557.3(rays\))-559.3(is)-560.8(also)-558.4(responsible)-561.5(for)-561.9(the)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(chem)-8(ical)-467.8(evolution)-466.5(and)-471(the)-465.4(extraordinary)-473(diversity)-472(of)-462.9(or-)]TJ
T*
[(ganic)-463(molecules)-464(detected,)-460.7(either)-464.2(in)-457.3(the)-459.6(gaseous)-458.9(or)-457.2(in)-463.1(the)]TJ
T*
[(solid)-356.9(phase)-353.2(\(for)-349.9(instance,)-355.6(in)-347.9(icy)-350.2(mixtures)-356.8(condensed)-353(on)-347.8(in-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(terste)-9(llar)-581.8(grains\).)-588.2(A)-583.7(heritage)-582.7(of)-583.9(this)-586.2(complex)-587.4(chemistry)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(could)-323.6(be)-325.9(found)-322.3(in)-319.1(cometary)-324.6(material,)-328.3(although)-321.3(a)-324.8(signicant)]TJ
T*
[(fraction)-495.1(of)-491.7(the)-494.2(interstellar)-495.2(material)-491.9(is)-491.7(expected)-497.4(to)-491.9(be)-487.2(re-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(processed)-370.1(in)-359.4(the)-361.7(solar)-357.9(nebula.)-363.8(The)-362.8(goal)-362.8(of)-359.3(the)-361.7(PSS)-359.9(experi-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ment)-300.7(was)-298.9(to)-296.1(improve)-298.2(our)-297(knowledge)-301.2(of)-295.9(the)-292.6(chemical)-302.9(nature)]TJ
T*
[(and)-494(evolution)-495.3(of)-491.7(organic)-488.2(molecules)-498.5(involved)-494.1(in)-486.1(extrater-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(restrial)-264.7(environments)-264.5(with)-259(astrobiological)-262.4(implications.)-262.6(This)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(is)-422.6(built)-420.6(upon)-424.9(similar)-425(experiments)-425.8(previously)-421.2(conducted)-422.5(in)]TJ
T*
[(low)-309.6(Earth)-307.5(orbit)-305.2(and)-304(the)-309.9(extensive)-307.2(experience)-310.7(in)-307.6(this)-304(eld)-305(of)]TJ
T*
[(most)-374.2(of)-370.8(the)-373.2(team)-376.7(members)-375.1(\(both)-374.2(for)-371.9(the)-373.2(science)-375.2(and)-373.1(tech-)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(nical)-336.4(sides)-334.7(of)-336.2(the)-332.9(project\).)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(The)-512.5(PSS)-515.4(experiment)-511.3(is)-514.8(a)-509.1(follow-up)-517.8(of)-509(the)-511.5(PROCESS)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
(\(Cottin)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
3.1794 0 TD
[(et)-337.6(al.,)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.6783 0 TD
[(2012\))-339.5(and)-332.8(AMINO)-337.3(\(Cottin)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
11.3409 0 TD
[(et)-337.6(al.,)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.6783 0 TD
[(2015a\))-336(e)-13.8(x)-6.9(-)]TJ
-19.8767 -1.1174 TD
.0124 Tc
[(per)5.6(i)-.3(men)5.5(t)-.3(s)-414.7(c)-1.4(on)5.5(du)5.5(ct)5.4(ed)-414.9(on)-420.7(EXP)5.7(O)-1.1(S)5.7(E)-1.4(-)5.6(E)-421.9(and)-414.9(E)-1.4(XPOS)5.7(E-)5.6(R,)-417.2(r)12.4(e)32.1(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(sp)15.3(ec)18.5(ti)20.6(ve)19.7(ly)20.7(,)-314.5(w)0(i)19.8(t)0(h)-307.6(a)0(n)-302.9(i)0(m)19.5(p)0(r)20.9(o)0(v)15.1(e)0(d)-302.9(h)0(a)19.7(r)0(d)20.9(w)0(a)18.8(r)0(e)-308.6(t)0(h)20.7(a)0(t)-303(a)0(l)13.8(l)0(o)20.7(w)0(s)-302.4(f)0(o)20.9(r)-317.8(be)19.7(tt)20.6(er)]TJ
T*
[(si)15.1(mu)19.6(la)19.5(ti)20.6(on)-215.3(of)-215.3(th)20.7(e)-226.9(m)0(a)18.4(r)0(t)20.7(i)0(a)19.6(n)-225.7(en)19.7(vi)20.7(ro)15.1(nm)19.6(en)19.7(t)-225.9(a)0(s)-216.3(w)0(e)18.8(l)0(l)-215.6(a)0(s)-216.3(t)0(h)20.7(e)-226.9(ex)19.7(po)20.8(su)21(re)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(of)-399.6(ap)13.9(ta)19.5(me)18.4(rs)-399.4(an)19.7(d)-410(a)0(n)19.7(t)0(i)20.6(b)0(o)20.8(d)0(i)20.7(e)0(s)14.1(,)-406.6(wh)20(ic)19.6(h)-410(w)0(i)19.8(l)0(l)-399.9(h)0(e)19.7(l)0(p)-399.7(p)0(r)15.1(e)0(p)19.7(a)0(r)19.7(e)-411.2(fu)20.9(tu)20.7(re)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(ge)13.9(ne)19.7(ra)19.7(ti)20.6(on)20.8(s)-277.4(o)0(f)-261.4(b)0(i)20.7(o)0(c)19.7(h)0(i)15(p)0(-)20.9(b)0(a)19.7(s)0(e)19.9(d)-277.6(sp)21(ac)18.5(e)-273(i)0(n)20.7(s)0(t)15.1(r)0(u)20.9(m)0(e)18.4(n)0(t)20.7(s)-271.6(\(C)14.1(ot)20.7(ti)20.6(n)]TJ
/F6 1 Tf
22.0482 0 TD
[(et)-268.4(al)20.7(.,)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
-22.0482 -1.1116 TD
[(20)15.1(15)20.8(b\))20.9(.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1174 TD
(Baratta)Tj
/F6 1 Tf
3.237 0 TD
[(et)-331.8(al.)]TJ
/F5 1 Tf
2.4191 0 TD
[(\(2019)-333.8(in)-330.6(this)-327(issue\))-335.8(report)-330.4(on)-330.5(the)-332.9(evolution)]TJ
-6.6697 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-347.7(organic)-350(samples)-350.8(prepared)-352.1(by)-342(200)-170.3(keV)-345.2(He)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 491.8676 203.4708 Tm
(+)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 499.3511 199.1054 Tm
[(irradiation)-349(of)]TJ
-18.9264 -1.1116 TD
(N)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 320.1448 186.5196 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.8865 188.1637 Tm
(:CH)Tj
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 340.2708 186.5196 Tm
(4)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 343.9558 188.1637 Tm
[(:CO)-293.3(icy)-286.8(mixtures)-287.7(deposited)-294.5(at)-285.7(17)-290.2(K,)-287.6(on)-290.2(vacuum)-286.6(UV)]TJ
-3.139 -1.1116 TD
[(transparent)-390(MgF)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 379.7857 175.5779 Tm
(2)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 387.2692 177.222 Tm
[(windows.)-381.4(Such)-385.5(material)-388.3(made)-382.3(by)-382.3(irradi-)]TJ
-7.5395 -1.1174 TD
[(ation)-335.2(of)-336.2(ice)-334.1(mixtures)-333.8(could)-329.3(be)-337.4(present)-332.5(in)-330.6(interstellar)-339.6(clouds)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(or)-342(comets,)-336.1(from)-339.6(which)-341.7(they)-339.8(could)-335.1(be)-337.4(expelled)-340.9(on)-342(dust)-338.4(par-)]TJ
T*
[(ticles)-251(and)-246.4(reach)-250.9(Earth)-249.9(as)-245.1(interplanetary)-250.9(dust)-246.2(particles)-249.7(\(IDPs\).)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(Results)-269(show)-264.3(that)-265(the)-263.8(nitriles)-263.7(and)-263.6(amines)-269.3(moieties)-266(contained)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(in)-267.3(relatively)-274.2(large)-267.1(IDPs)-269.8(\()]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
9.9873 0 TD
(>)Tj
/F5 1 Tf
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(2030)Tj
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